In the process of transcription, what is synthesized from the DNA template?

The process of transcription involves the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA molecule, unwinding the double helix and reading the DNA sequence. This enzyme then synthesizes a complementary strand of mRNA by adding RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA nucleotides, following the base pairing rules (adenine pairs with uracil in RNA, and cytosine pairs with guanine).

The resulting mRNA molecule carries the genetic information copied from DNA, which will later be translated into a protein during the process of translation. This is a crucial step in gene expression, where the information encoded in DNA is converted into functional products such as proteins.

The other options listed—protein, tRNA, and rRNA—are not synthesized directly during the transcription process itself. Proteins are produced during translation, while tRNA and rRNA are synthesized through different pathways.