What is a characteristic of secondary succession compared to primary succession?

Secondary succession is characterized by its occurrence following a major disturbance in an existing ecosystem, such as fire, flood, or human activities like farming. Unlike primary succession, which begins in lifeless areas typically devoid of soil—such as bare rock or lava flow—secondary succession takes place in previously inhabited areas where some soil and vegetation remain. This allows for a faster recovery of the ecosystem since the soil already contains nutrients and some seeds or root systems may still be present, enabling the re-establishment of plant and animal life. Therefore, the hallmark of secondary succession is that it emerges after a significant disruption, promoting a recovery and transformation of the ecosystem rather than starting from scratch. This contrasts with primary succession, which begins from bare substrates with no existing soil or biotic community.