Which type of diabetes involves resistance to insulin?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized primarily by insulin resistance, meaning that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. In this condition, although the pancreas may produce insulin, the cells are less able to utilize it for glucose uptake. As a result, glucose remains in the bloodstream, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

This insulin resistance often develops due to a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle choices, such as poor diet and lack of exercise. Over time, the pancreas may struggle to keep up with the increased demand for insulin, which can lead to a further decline in insulin secretion. Ultimately, this contributes to the symptoms and complications associated with Type 2 diabetes, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue.

In contrast, Type 1 diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to little or no insulin production. Diabetes insipidus is unrelated to insulin; it involves problems with the regulation of water balance in the body. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by insulin resistance, but it is typically temporary and resolves after childbirth. Thus, Type 2 diabetes is the most significant form associated directly with insulin resistance.